Rap Atlas: Bay Area — Too $hort, E-40 and the Hyphy Movement

Independent distribution and artist-owned labels have shaped Bay Area rap since the early 1980s. Too $hort sold hand-made cassettes in East Oakland in the early 1980s before a run on Jive that produced a string of RIAA platinum albums; Digital Underground (Oakland, 1987) took “The Humpty Dance” to a Grammy nomination in 1991; Del the Funky Homosapien, Souls of Mischief and the Hieroglyphics crew built their own label, Hieroglyphics Imperium, in 1995; and E-40’s Sick Wid It Records turned a family trunk-sales operation in Vallejo into a 1994 distribution deal with Jive. Mac Dre’s Thizz Entertainment (1999) and the hyphy vocabulary that multiple sources credit Keak da Sneak with putting on record became a national moment in 2006, when E-40’s My Ghetto Report Card reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 with “Tell Me When to Go” (feat. Keak da Sneak). Hiero Day (2012–), G-Eazy’s No. 3 debut These Things Happen (2014), the E-40 vs. Too $hort Verzuz (2020) and Mount Westmore (2022) carried the region’s lineage into the 2020s.

This Rap Atlas entry documents six core acts, twelve timeline entries (some covering multiple dated events), and thirteen labels, crews and venues, drawn from the verified registry behind this page. Every place attribution is split into born, raised or based, and where the record could not confirm a detail, this article says so.

Timeline: Bay Area Rap, 1980s–2023

In the early 1980s, Todd “Too $hort” Shaw, originally from Los Angeles, sold hand-made cassettes — customized “special request” tapes bearing a buyer’s name — in East Oakland parks and on AC Transit buses with Tony “Freddy B” Adams while attending Fremont High School. The 1987 tape Freaky Tales followed; SFGate records tens of thousands of tapes sold on the street before any record deal.

Shock G and Chopmaster J formed Digital Underground in Oakland in 1987, with early members including Money-B and, later, Tupac Shakur. Sex Packets (Tommy Boy, 1990) has a surviving platinum-plaque physical record (per a Sotheby’s auction listing; XXL reports a certification date of September 18, 1990), and “The Humpty Dance” is RIAA gold (dated April 23, 1990). At the 33rd Grammy Awards in 1991, the group was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.

Too $hort’s Jive-era catalog went on to a run of RIAA certifications: Short Dog’s in the House platinum (dated January 16, 1991), Born to Mack gold (dated September 18, 1992), Get In Where You Fit In platinum (dated November 16, 1994), Shorty the Pimp platinum (dated January 19, 1996), Life Is… Too Short 2× platinum (dated April 9, 1996, credited to RCA) and Gettin’ It platinum (dated July 26, 1996).

Del the Funky Homosapien’s 1991 debut, made with his cousin Ice Cube, was followed in 1993 by No Need for Alarm (Elektra), recorded at Hyde Street Studios in San Francisco. Souls of Mischief — Tajai, A-Plus, Opio and Phesto — formed in 1991, and their 1993 single “93 ’til Infinity” is RIAA gold (Jive, dated April 16, 2025); a separate report from Sway’s Universe (dated April 23, 2025) describes a platinum certification, and the record on which release — the album or the single of the same name — is unclear. This article treats the grade as pending reconciliation rather than final.

In March 1992, Vallejo’s Mac Dre (Andre Hicks) was arrested in connection with a Fresno bank robbery conspiracy. He was later convicted and sentenced to five years — KQED’s reporting does not state the year of conviction, and this article does not supply one; a small number of secondary reports say 1993, but that date is not substituted here. He served four years and was released in 1996.

In 1994, E-40’s Sick Wid It Records signed a distribution deal with Jive Records; SF Chronicle describes it as expanding his commercial reach while he kept control of content, and The FADER ties the deal to the success of “Captain Save a Hoe.” In a Major Way (Sick Wid It/Jive) followed on March 14, 1995, reaching No. 13 on the Billboard 200. That same year, Del and Souls of Mischief founded Hieroglyphics Imperium in Oakland, an artist-owned label under which the crew has since held its own masters and publishing.

In 1999, Mac Dre founded Thizz Entertainment, per KQED; SFGate reports he had moved from Vallejo to Sacramento around 2000 and started the label there. In September 2003, he released the DVD Treal TV; Complex’s oral history of hyphy connects the video’s footage — ghost riding, stunna shades and related visuals — to elements that later became associated with the hyphy movement.

On November 1, 2004, Mac Dre, 34, was shot and killed in Kansas City, Missouri. The case remains unsolved. KMEL played his music and took listener calls in tribute that day. Thizz has since been run by his mother, Wanda Salvatto (Mac Wanda).

Keak da Sneak’s “Super Hyphy” (recorded in 2004, produced by Traxamillion; KQED reports the movement was pushed nationally in 2005 and that the song reached No. 40 on Billboard’s Rhythmic Top 40) and The Federation’s “Hyphy” (2004) preceded the wider breakthrough: E-40’s My Ghetto Report Card (Warner Bros., released through Lil Jon’s BME imprint with Lil Jon as executive producer) was released on March 14, 2006, and reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 on the chart dated April 1, 2006. “Tell Me When to Go” (feat. Keak da Sneak) is RIAA gold; a number of secondary reports describe a platinum certification, which this article treats as pending reconciliation rather than upgrading. On March 3 of that year, Too $hort released “Blow the Whistle” (produced by Lil Jon), and in May, E-40 received a Lifetime Achievement Award at Wild 94.9’s Bomb 21 event in San Jose.

Hiero Day, a block party organized by Hieroglyphics, began in 2012. It reached its tenth edition in 2021, held at Frank Ogawa Plaza, and in 2022 Oaklandside covered the festival’s continuation, with Del, Souls of Mischief and Domino among the performers.

Berkeley- and North Oakland-raised G-Eazy’s These Things Happen (RCA/BPG) reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 in 2014 (dated July 12, 2014). His 2015 album When It’s Dark Out reached No. 5, and “Me, Myself & I” (with Bebe Rexha) reached No. 7 on the Hot 100 (dated March 12, 2016); the single is RIAA 9× platinum.

From March 24 to August 12, 2018, the Oakland Museum of California held the exhibition “RESPECT: Hip-Hop Style & Wisdom.” On December 19, 2020, E-40 and Too $hort faced off in an online Verzuz battle. Shock G died on April 22, 2021, at 57; Traxamillion died on January 2, 2022, at 42. On December 9, 2022, Mount Westmore — Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, E-40 and Too $hort — released its debut, Snoop Cube 40 $hort. The next day, the City of Oakland named a stretch of Foothill Boulevard “Too $hort Way” and declared “Too $hort Day.” In September 2023, Stephen Curry announced production of a Mac Dre documentary.

Districts and Venues

This edition covers the San Francisco Bay Area in California: Oakland and East Oakland, Vallejo, San Francisco, Berkeley, Richmond, San Jose and Alameda, with Sacramento appearing as the base Thizz Entertainment used from around 2000. Pinole and Hunters Point also appear in current reporting tied to this scene. Hyde Street Studios is a San Francisco studio where Del recorded No Need for Alarm with engineer Matt Kelly in 1993 (the mix was completed in New York). KMEL 106.1, a Bay Area radio station, carried early airplay for E-40 and Too $hort, hosted Summer Jam, tested hyphy records in clubs through DJ Big Von, and aired tribute programming the day Mac Dre died. Mingles, an Oakland nightclub, hosted the 2006 video shoot for Too $hort’s “Blow the Whistle” and closed roughly six months later, per KQED. Hiero Day, the Hieroglyphics block party, has run in downtown Oakland locations including Frank Ogawa Plaza since 2012. The Oakland Museum of California hosted the 2018 exhibition “RESPECT: Hip-Hop Style & Wisdom.”

Representative Acts

Too $hort. KQED describes him as “originally from Los Angeles” — an origin statement, not an explicit birthplace record, and the only such statement found in A-grade text this session; an often-repeated detail about the age at which he moved to Oakland is not stated here. He was raised in East Oakland, where SFGate calls him “Oakland-bred” and KQED identifies him as an “East Oakland rapper” and “Fremont High School student,” and where he sold hand-made cassettes with Freddy B in the early 1980s. His Jive-era catalog carries a run of RIAA platinum certifications — Short Dog’s in the House, Get In Where You Fit In, Shorty the Pimp, Gettin’ It and Cocktails — plus Life Is… Too Short at 2× platinum (credited to RCA); KQED reports that an Oakland City Council resolution cited six platinum albums. KQED’s coverage also documents his early ties to 75 Girls Records and Dangerous Music, though neither label’s founding year or further detail is confirmed in this edition. Complex’s oral history credits him as founder of Up All Night Records. SFGate reports he had relocated to Atlanta by the mid-1990s; his current base is not confirmed in this edition. In December 2022, the City of Oakland named a stretch of Foothill Boulevard “Too $hort Way.” This entry is verified.

E-40. SF Chronicle describes Earl Stevens as “Vallejo-born,” and the Chronicle, The FADER and the Vallejo Times-Herald each describe him as raised in Vallejo; The FADER’s 2017 interview specifically places him in the city’s Hillside neighborhood. With his brother D-Shot, sister Suga-T and cousin B-Legit, he formed MVP, later The Click, and built Sick Wid It Records, distributing tapes on consignment through liquor stores and barbershops and out of his car trunk before the label signed a distribution deal with Jive in 1994; Complex’s hyphy oral history states the label was established in 1989. My Ghetto Report Card (Warner Bros./BME) reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and is RIAA gold. “Tell Me When to Go” is RIAA gold, though secondary reports of a platinum upgrade remain pending reconciliation in this edition. “U and Dat” and “Choices (Yup)” are RIAA platinum. In a Major Way is listed as platinum in Billboard’s August 3, 2002 RIAA-certification column; the underlying RIAA record itself was not separately retrieved, so this article relies on that index listing. Tha Hall of Game and The Element of Surprise are RIAA gold. He is based in the East Bay suburbs; The FADER’s 2017 interview places him specifically in Danville as of that reporting. This entry is verified.

Mac Dre. The Vallejo Times-Herald reports Andre Hicks was born in Oakland and moved to Vallejo at age eight. The year he began rapping is not confirmed in this edition; KQED’s interview with his mother places it around ages 15 to 17, but this edition does not convert that account into a specific calendar year. In March 1992, he was arrested in connection with a Fresno bank robbery conspiracy and was later convicted and sentenced to five years — the year of conviction is not stated in KQED’s reporting and is not confirmed in this edition. He served four years and was released in 1996, then founded Thizz Entertainment in 1999 and released the DVD Treal TV in 2003, work that both KQED and Complex connect to the visual vocabulary later associated with hyphy. On November 1, 2004, he was shot and killed in Kansas City; the case remains unsolved, and Thizz has since been run by his mother, Wanda Salvatto. No RIAA certification or Billboard chart placement for his catalog was found in this session; his inclusion rests on a historical role recorded independently by SFGate (2004), KQED (2015 and twice in 2023), NPR (2013) and the Vallejo Times-Herald (2018), together with KMEL’s tribute broadcast on the day he died. This entry is verified under Criterion 2.

Del the Funky Homosapien. Teren Delvon Jones is based in Oakland; no A-grade source retrieved in this session states his place of birth explicitly, though KQED’s coverage places him at a 1993 Oakland session and East Bay residence, and Oaklandside identifies him as an Oakland figure. His 1991 debut was made with his cousin Ice Cube — a relationship Del states directly in KQED’s coverage — and his 1993 follow-up, No Need for Alarm (Elektra), was recorded at Hyde Street Studios in San Francisco; KQED describes the album, in its words, as a “Bay Area classic,” and connects it to the formation of Hieroglyphics as a group. In 1995, he and Souls of Mischief founded Hieroglyphics Imperium as an artist-owned label. His guest verse on Gorillaz’s “Clint Eastwood” (2001) carried a nomination for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 44th Grammy Awards, credited to Gorillaz rather than to Del individually, and the song reached No. 57 on the Hot 100 (dated September 22, 2001). Deltron 3030 (2000) also reached audiences outside the Bay Area. This entry is marked partial.

Keak da Sneak. From East Oakland’s 3X Krazy (Keak, Agerman and Bart), he is credited by multiple sources with putting the word “hyphy” on record: Complex writes the term was “coined by Keak Da Sneak in 1994,” and KQED credits him with putting it on a record and shaping the vocabulary that followed — an attribution this article states with that sourcing, not as an unattributed claim. “Super Hyphy” (recorded 2004, produced by Traxamillion) reached No. 40 on Billboard’s Rhythmic Top 40 per KQED, and his guest verse on E-40’s “Tell Me When to Go” (2006) carried the movement further nationally; that song is RIAA gold, credited to E-40, with platinum reports pending reconciliation. His place of birth is not confirmed in this edition — an account naming Brewton, Alabama appears only on encyclopedia-type sites and was not used. He was raised in Oakland: Mercury News describes him “growing up in Oaktown,” and KQED identifies him as “East Oakland’s Keak Da Sneak.” This entry is marked partial.

G-Eazy. Gerald Gillum was raised in Berkeley and North Oakland — moving to his grandparents’ home in Berkeley in first grade, later living in North Oakland while attending school in Berkeley — and sold self-made mixtapes on Telegraph Avenue before attending Loyola University New Orleans. His place of birth is inconsistent across sources retrieved this session (SFGate reports Tempe, Arizona; his own site describes a California birth; SF Chronicle reports Oakland), and this article treats it as unresolved rather than adopting any one account. These Things Happen (RCA/BPG) reached No. 3 on the Billboard 200 in 2014; When It’s Dark Out reached No. 5 in 2015; “Me, Myself & I” (with Bebe Rexha) reached No. 7 on the Hot 100 in 2016. These Things Happen and When It’s Dark Out are each RIAA 2× platinum; “Me, Myself & I” is RIAA 9× platinum and “No Limit” is RIAA 8× platinum. He was based in San Francisco as of 2014, per SFGate. This entry is marked partial.

Labels, Distribution and Crews

Sick Wid It Records is the self-run label E-40 founded with his family group, The Click, established in 1989 per Complex’s hyphy oral history. It signed a distribution deal with Jive in 1994, released In a Major Way in 1995, and signed Nef the Pharaoh in 2015.

The Click is the family group of E-40, his brother D-Shot, sister Suga-T and cousin B-Legit. The group was originally named MVP, and traces back to a college group, The Intellectual Drifters, formed at Grambling State University.

Thizz Entertainment was founded by Mac Dre in 1999, per KQED; SFGate reports the label began after his roughly 2000 move to Sacramento. It released work by Mistah F.A.B., The Jacka and J Diggs. Since 2004 it has been run by his mother, Wanda Salvatto. NPR reported in 2012–2013 that defendants using the “Thizz” name were, in NPR’s account, distinct from the label itself; no other detail is given here.

Hieroglyphics / Hieroglyphics Imperium is the Oakland collective built around Del, Souls of Mischief, Casual, Pep Love and producer-manager Domino. In 1995, Del and Souls of Mischief founded the artist-owned label Hieroglyphics Imperium, under which the crew has held its own masters and publishing; the group released 3rd Eye Vision in 1998.

Souls of Mischief — Tajai, A-Plus, Opio and Phesto — is an Oakland quartet formed in 1991. Their 1993 single “93 ’til Infinity” is RIAA gold (Jive, dated April 16, 2025), with a platinum certification also reported and treated here as pending reconciliation.

Digital Underground was formed in Oakland in 1987 by Shock G (Gregory Jacobs) and Chopmaster J (Jimi Dright), with Money-B, Kenny-K and a young Tupac Shakur among its members. Sex Packets (Tommy Boy) has a surviving platinum plaque; “The Humpty Dance” is RIAA gold; the group was nominated for a Grammy in 1991. Shock G died on April 22, 2021.

3X Krazy is an East Oakland group of Keak da Sneak, Agerman and Bart. E-40 has said he picked up the phrase “fa sheezy” from the group, per a 2020 KQED interview. A reunion at the 2022 Soul Beat Day was reported ahead of the event; this article does not confirm the performance took place, since the available source predates the date.

Up All Night Records is credited to Too $hort as founder in Complex’s oral history of hyphy; the label’s founding year and roster are not confirmed in A-grade text.

KMEL 106.1 is a Bay Area radio station that carried early airplay for E-40 and Too $hort, hosted Summer Jam, and — per Keak da Sneak — put “Super Hyphy” into roughly 1,000 weekly spins after DJ Big Von tested the hyphy sound in clubs. It aired tribute programming on the day Mac Dre died.

Hiero Day, the Hieroglyphics block party, began in 2012 and has run in downtown Oakland, including at Frank Ogawa Plaza; it reached its tenth edition in 2021.

Hyde Street Studios is a San Francisco studio where Del recorded No Need for Alarm with engineer Matt Kelly in 1993, with the mix completed in New York.

Mingles was an Oakland nightclub where the video for Too $hort’s “Blow the Whistle” was shot in 2006; KQED reports it closed roughly six months later.

Oakland Museum of California held the exhibition “RESPECT: Hip-Hop Style & Wisdom” from March 24 to August 12, 2018, focused on Oakland and Bay Area contributions to hip-hop.

Inclusion, Exclusion and Correction Policy

Rap Atlas does not sell placement and does not rank the selected artists. The full criteria are published at Rap Atlas criteria; the points that governed this edition are below.

• A core act qualifies under the published Rap Atlas criteria: Criterion 1 is an official streaming release record plus verifiable national or specialist-media coverage, a documented performance, or chart evidence; Criterion 2 is a documented historical role in the regional scene. Three entries are marked verified (Too $hort, E-40, Mac Dre); three are partial (Del the Funky Homosapien, Keak da Sneak, G-Eazy).
• Geography is stated as born, raised or based, and only from the body text of an A-grade source. Encyclopedia-style sites were used only to find leads and appear nowhere as a basis or citation.
• Order is roughly chronological by career start and carries no ranking.
• Legal matters are handled minimally, following the published policy. Mac Dre was arrested in March 1992 in connection with a Fresno bank robbery conspiracy and was later convicted (the conviction year is unconfirmed in this edition) and sentenced to five years; he served four years and was released in 1996. He was killed in Kansas City on November 1, 2004, and the case remains unsolved. No motive or other party is named.
• One act is held out of this edition under an editorial hold for insufficient evidence and is not named or treated as a subject.
• Corrections: send evidence via the contact page. A contributor is named only on request; anonymous corrections are accepted. Acts outside this edition’s scope — including MC Hammer, Tupac Shakur (in his pre-solo Digital Underground period), Mistah F.A.B., The Jacka, The Luniz, Andre Nickatina, San Quinn, Zion I, The Federation, Traxamillion (named here only within the history above), The Pack, Lil B, Kamaiyah, Larry June, SOB x RBE and Nef the Pharaoh — are the primary target of the reader-supplement window.

Evidence Limits and Uncertainty Register

Verification was carried out on September 3, 2026, primarily by retrieving the full text of each cited page, against A-grade sources including KQED, SF Chronicle/SFGate, East Bay Times, Mercury News, the Vallejo Times-Herald, East Bay Express, Oaklandside, The FADER, Complex, XXL, Billboard’s artist chart history, Grammy.com, RIAA, NPR, Hieroglyphics’ own site and the Oakland Museum of California. One exception: Billboard’s August 3, 2002 RIAA-certification column for In a Major Way was confirmed only through a search-index listing, not the underlying PDF itself, which this session could not retrieve. Encyclopedia-style sites were used only to locate candidate URLs, never as a basis or citation, and every recorded URL was checked with a HEAD request; pages returning 404 or 410 were not used.

The session began with the WebSearch quota exhausted, so source discovery relied on reference lists inside encyclopedia-style pages, tag pages on KQED, Complex and XXL, and Oaklandside’s site search; Brave, Bing and DuckDuckGo searches were blocked as bot traffic. Hearst-network sites (SFGate, SF Chronicle) and MediaNews-network sites (East Bay Times, Mercury News, Vallejo Times-Herald) did not return body text through the standard fetch tool and were retrieved directly instead. RIAA, text.npr.org and museumca.org returned 403 to HEAD requests but their body text was retrieved successfully. Rolling Stone, Pitchfork, the BBC and Berkeleyside could not be retrieved or were blocked by a CAPTCHA. Too $hort’s official site and Grammy.com’s per-year pages returned 404.

High-confidence items include the six acts’ Bay Area attribution (raised or based) and the Criterion 1/2 basis for each, which multiple A-grade sources corroborate; E-40’s My Ghetto Report Card at No. 3 on the Billboard 200; G-Eazy’s These Things Happen at No. 3 and “Me, Myself & I” at No. 7 on the Hot 100; the Gorillaz “Clint Eastwood” 2002 Grammy nomination and No. 57 Hot 100 peak; Digital Underground’s 1991 Grammy nomination; Sick Wid It’s 1994 deal with Jive; Thizz Entertainment’s 1999 founding; Hieroglyphics Imperium’s 1995 founding; Hiero Day’s 2012 start; Mac Dre’s March 1992 arrest, later conviction (year unconfirmed), 1996 release, and death on November 1, 2004; and the December 10, 2022 naming of Too $hort Way.

Several items remain flagged as uncertain. Too $hort’s move-to-Oakland age and the exact year he began working with Jive are not stated in A-grade text and do not appear here; his early ties to 75 Girls Records and Dangerous Music are confirmed by KQED, though further detail on those labels is not. Del’s place of birth could not be confirmed; his relationship to Ice Cube rests on Del’s own statement in KQED’s coverage. Keak da Sneak’s place of birth (an account naming Brewton, Alabama) is unconfirmed and not used. Mac Dre’s catalog carries no confirmed RIAA certification or Billboard chart placement, so his entry rests on Criterion 2. Sick Wid It’s founding year is given as 1989 by Complex’s hyphy oral history; Mount Westmore’s formation year remains unconfirmed; In a Major Way‘s platinum grade relies on Billboard’s certification-column listing rather than a directly retrieved RIAA record. Souls of Mischief’s “93 ’til Infinity” and E-40’s “Tell Me When to Go” each carry a current RIAA gold listing alongside separate reports of platinum certification; this edition treats both as pending reconciliation and does not adopt the higher grade. A newer generation of Bay Area artists — Kamaiyah, Larry June, SOB x RBE, P-Lo and Nef the Pharaoh among them — appear in passing in sources reviewed this session but were not individually verified and do not appear in the key-artists list.

On September 10, 2026, following an adversarial audit, a correction was applied to Mac Dre’s record: earlier drafts had stated a 1992 conviction; the corrected text states he was arrested in March 1992 and later convicted, with the year of conviction unconfirmed, since KQED’s reporting does not state it and this article does not substitute a date from secondary reports.

One act is not included because the editorial ledger marks the evidence insufficient; that act is not named anywhere in this article. Legal matters beyond Mac Dre’s case are handled minimally, under the same published policy that limits coverage of legal history not essential to an act’s inclusion.

Last verified: September 3, 2026 (initial fact-checking against sources), with further passes on September 10, 2026 (RIAA-grade and attribution corrections) culminating in a Fable-approved correction to Mac Dre’s legal-history wording on September 10, 2026. A further Fable-approved pass, also on September 10, 2026, addressed a Codex ultra-audit (r1): the Digital Underground Grammy-nomination date, chart-versus-release-date wording, several attribution overreaches, and legal-minimalism trims.

Main References

The sources below support the claims made throughout this article; this edition does not carry inline citation links next to individual sentences. As a rule of thumb: certifications trace to RIAA, awards and nominations to Grammy.com, and narrative details to the news sources listed below.

• KQED — Bay Area Hip-Hop in the 1980s, Digital Underground’s Shock G Dies at 57, Del the Funky Homosapien — No Need for Alarm at 30, Did Mac Dre Really Go to Prison Because of His Lyrics?, Thizz Entertainment DJ Mix, Steph Curry’s Mac Dre Documentary, Remembering Traxamillion, Too $hort’s “Blow the Whistle” at 20, Too $hort Way, E-40 and Too $hort’s Verzuz Battle, The Luniz and 3X Krazy Reunite for Soul Beat, Rightnowish: Trackademicks
• SFGate / SF Chronicle — Too $hort Singing a New Tune, Vallejo Rapper Mac Dre Slain in Kansas City, G-Eazy on the Brink, Cops Nab 53 in Series of Robberies, E-40’s Blueprint, At Work on a Rap Empire, Rolling Loud 2019: Bay Area Acts Not to Miss
• Oaklandside — Too $hort Way Street Renaming, 10th Annual Hiero Day, Hiero Day 2022, Chopmaster J on Digital Underground’s Oakland Roots
• East Bay Times / Mercury News — Hyphy Goes Mainstream, E-40’s Lifetime Achievement Award, Keak da Sneak Is Back, 20 Years of KMEL
• Vallejo Times-Herald — Third Annual Mac Dre Day, Vallejo A&E Spotlight: E-40
• East Bay Express — The G-Eazy Life
• The FADER — E-40 Interview
• Complex — The Oral History of Hyphy, E-40 vs. Too $hort Verzuz, Mount Westmore — Snoop Cube 40 $hort
• XXL — Digital Underground Drop Sex Packets
• Billboard — E-40 Chart History, G-Eazy Billboard 200 History, G-Eazy Hot 100 History, Gorillaz Hot 100 History, Billboard, August 3, 2002 (RIAA certification listing)
• Grammy.com — Gorillaz, Digital Underground
• RIAA — Too $hort, E-40, Digital Underground, Souls of Mischief, G-Eazy, RIAA Gold & Platinum search
• NPR — Thizz Entertainment coverage
• Hieroglyphics (official) — 30th Anniversary
• Oakland Museum of California — RESPECT: Hip-Hop Style & Wisdom
• Sotheby’s — Sex Packets Platinum Record Plaque
• G-Eazy (official) — Gerald’s Pop-Up Recap
• Secondary reports — pending reconciliation — Sway’s Universe on “93 ’til Infinity”, Rap Ghetto Youth on “Tell Me When to Go”

Related Guides and Coverage

Rap Atlas

• Rap Atlas: United States hub — Bay Area entry
• Rap Atlas: all regions
• Rap Atlas criteria and correction policy

Corrections

• Send a correction or a supplement